To the extent that dual users substantially lower the number of cigarettes, they will reduce health risks from smoking. However, from a medical point of view, exclusive vaping is preferable to dual use;
Differences between dual users and switchers centre around variables proximal to the vaping behaviour and its experienced effects rather than hinging on more general vaping-related beliefs and attitudes.
After e-cig initiation, dual users decreased tobacco consumption by 82% and were low-to-moderately cigarette dependent.
The two groups (dual users and switchers) reported mostly using a flavour other than tobacco.